Qanjirka thyroid waa qanjir qaabeeya shinnida oo ku yaal qoorta, kaas oo mas’uul ka ah soo saarista hormoonada thyroid (thyroxine (T4) iyo triiodothyronine (T3)). Hormoonadani waxay saameeyaan heerka dheef-shiidka (metabolism) ee jirka iyo shaqooyin kale oo badan. Dhibaatooyinka qanjirka thyroid-ka waxay saameyn karaan caafimaadka guud iyo habsami u shaqeynta jirka. Waxay u kala qaybsamaan laba nooc oo waaweyn: qanjirka thyroid-ka oo firfircoonaan yar (hypothyroidism) iyo qanjirka thyroid-ka oo firfircoonaan badan (hyperthyroidism). Maqaalkan, waxaan ku eegi doonaa sababaha ugu waaweyn ee keena dhibaatooyinka qanjirka thyroid-ka.
Sababaha Hypothyroidism (Qanjirka Thyroid-ka oo Firfircoonaan Yaran)
- Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: Waa cudur xasaasiyadeed (autoimmune disease) oo ah sababta ugu badan ee hypothyroidism. Jirka ayaa weerara qanjirka thyroid-ka, taasoo keenta dhaawac iyo yareynta hormoonada thyroid-ka.
- Daaweynta Hyperthyroidism: Daaweynta hyperthyroidism sida iodine-raacinta (radioactive iodine) ama qalliinka waxay sababi karaan in qanjirka thyroid-ka uu yaraado firfircoonaan ahaan.
- Daawooyinka: Daawooyinka qaarkood sida lithium-ka iyo qaar ka mid ah daawooyinka kansarka ayaa keeni kara hypothyroidism.
- Cudurrada Qanjirka Hypothalamus ama Pituitary: Dhibaatooyinka ku dhaca qanjirada kale ee jirka ee maamusha soo saarista hormoonada thyroid-ka waxay saameyn karaan heerarka hormoonada.
- Iodine La’aan: Iodine-ka waa macdan muhiim u ah soo saarista hormoonada thyroid-ka. La’aanta iodine-ka cuntada waxay keeni kartaa hypothyroidism.
- Xanuunada Genetiga ah: Dhibaatooyinka hidde-sidaha qaarkood waxay keeni karaan hypothyroidism laga dhaxlo qoyska.
Sababaha Hyperthyroidism (Qanjirka Thyroid-ka oo Firfircoonaan Badan)
- Graves’ Disease: Waa cudur xasaasiyadeed (autoimmune disease) oo ah sababta ugu badan ee hyperthyroidism. Jirka ayaa soo saara unugyo weerara qanjirka thyroid-ka, taasoo keenta in qanjirku soo saaro hormoono badan.
- Thyroid Nodules: Waa bu’dooyin ku samaysma qanjirka thyroid-ka kuwaas oo mararka qaar soo saari kara hormoono badan.
- Thyroiditis: Caabuqa qanjirka thyroid-ka (throiditis) ayaa sababi kara in qanjirku sii daayo hormoono badan oo ku jira, taasoo keenta hyperthyroidism ku-meel-gaar ah.
- Iodine Xad-dhaaf ah: Iodine xad-dhaaf ah, gaar ahaan ka yimaada daawooyinka ama cuntooyinka, waxay sababi karaan hyperthyroidism.
- Daawooyinka: Daawooyinka qaarkood sida amiodarone oo loo isticmaalo daaweynta wadnaha waxay kordhin karaan heerarka hormoonada thyroid-ka.
Calaamadaha Hypothyroidism
- Daalk iyo tamar yari
- Miisaanka oo kordha
- Qabow xasaasi ah
- Maqaarka oo qallala
- Timaha oo dillaaca
- Xusuus la’aan
- Qandho
- Cadaadiska dhiigga oo sarreeya
Calaamadaha Hyperthyroidism
- Daalk iyo tamar yari
- Miisaanka oo yaraada
- Diirran xasaasi ah
- Dhididka oo badan
- Gacmaha oo gariira
- Xusuus la’aan
- Wadnaha oo si dhakhso ah u garaaca
- Hurdo la’aan
Baadhitaanka iyo Daaweynta
Dhibaatooyinka qanjirka thyroid-ka waxaa lagu ogaadaa baaritaano kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin baaritaanka dhiigga ee hormoonada thyroid-ka (TSH, T3, iyo T4), ultrasound-ka qanjirka thyroid-ka, iyo baaritaanada iodine.
Daaweynta hypothyroidism waxaa ka mid ah qaadashada hormoonada bedelka (levothyroxine) si loo buuxiyo hormoonada ka maqan. Daaweynta hyperthyroidism waxaa ka mid ah daawooyinka yareeya soo saarista hormoonada, iodine-raacinta (radioactive iodine), iyo qalliinka si loo yareeyo ama loo saaro qayb ka mid ah qanjirka thyroid-ka.
Gunaanad
Dhibaatooyinka qanjirka thyroid-ka waxay saameyn karaan caafimaadka guud iyo habsami u shaqeynta jirka. Fahamka sababaha keena dhibaatooyinkan waa muhiim si loo ogaado calaamadaha loona raadiyo daaweyn habboon. Haddii aad isku aragto calaamado muujinaya dhibaato qanjirka thyroid-ka ah, waxaa muhiim ah inaad la tashato dhakhtar si loo sameeyo baaritaan sax ah oo loo helo daaweyn ku habboon.