: Faahfaahin Dhinacyo Kala Duwan
Kansarka waa cudur ku yimaada koritaanka aan la xakameyn karin ee unugyada jirka, taas oo keeni karta in unugyadan ay ku faafaan qaybaha kale ee jirka. Fahamka sababaha kansarka waa mid aad muhiim u ah si looga hortago cudurka, loo wanaajiyo daaweynta, loona yareeyo halista. Maqaalkan wuxuu faahfaahinayaa sababaha kansarka iyadoo diiradda la saarayo dhinacyada hidde-sideyaasha, deegaanka, qaab nololeedka, iyo infekshannada.
1. Hiddo-sideyaasha (Genetics)
Isbeddellada Hiddo-sideyaasha: Kansarku wuxuu badanaa ka yimaadaa isbeddello ama “muutasho” ku dhaca hiddo-sideyaasha unugyada. Isbeddelladani waxay sababi karaan in unugyadu ay ku koraan si aan la xakameyn karin. Isbeddellada hiddo-sideyaasha ayaa noqon kara kuwo dhaxal ah ama nolosha lagu helo.
Kansarka Dhaxalka: Qaar ka mid ah kansarka ayaa loo gudbiyaa jiilka jiilka iyadoo la adeegsanayo hiddo-sideyaasha. Tusaale ahaan, BRCA1 iyo BRCA2 waa hiddo-sideyaal la xiriira kansarka naaska iyo ugxan-sidaha. Dadka leh isbeddelladan hiddo-sideyaasha ayaa halis ugu jira kansar ka badan dadka caadiga ah.
2. Degaanka iyo Sunta
Cabbirka Deegaanka: Qaar ka mid ah sunta iyo kiimikooyinka deegaanka ayaa la og yahay inay sababi karaan kansarka. Tusaalooyinka waxaa ka mid ah:
- Kiimikooyinka Warshadaha: Kiimikooyinka qaar ee loo isticmaalo warshadaha, sida asbestos, benzene, iyo formaldehyde, ayaa la xiriira kansarka.
- Sunta Dhirta: Sunta loo isticmaalo dhirta iyo cayayaanka qaar ayaa sidoo kale kordhiya halista kansarka.
Radiation: Radiation-ka ionizing, sida shucaaca laga helo fallaadho-x (x-rays) iyo shucaaca nukliyeerka, ayaa sababi kara isbeddellada hiddo-sideyaasha ee keena kansarka. Tusaale ahaan, dadkii ka badbaaday qaraxyadii nukliyeerka ee Hiroshima iyo Nagasaki waxay leeyihiin halis sare oo kansar.
3. Qaab Nololeedka iyo Caadooyinka
Cabbida Sigaarka: Cabbida sigaarka waa sababta ugu weyn ee kansarka sambabada iyo kansaro kale oo badan. Sigaarku wuxuu leeyahay kiimikooyin badan oo sun ah oo sababa isbeddellada hiddo-sideyaasha ee keena kansarka.
Cunto iyo Cabbitaan: Cuntooyinka dufanka badan iyo kalooriga badan ayaa kordhiya halista kansarka. Sidoo kale, cabbitaanka khamriga waxaa lala xiriiriyay kansarka afka, hunguriga, iyo beerka.
Jimicsi La’aanta iyo Cayilka: Jimicsi la’aanta iyo cayilka waxay kordhiyaan halista kansarka, gaar ahaan kansarka mindhicirka weyn, naaska, iyo ugxan-sidaha.
4. Infekshannada iyo Fayrasyada
Infekshannada Fayraska: Infekshannada fayraska qaarkood ayaa kordhiya halista kansarka. Tusaale ahaan:
- Fayraska Papilloma ee Bini’aadamka (HPV): HPV wuxuu sababi karaa kansarka dhuunta ilmo-galeenka, afka, iyo hunguriga.
- Fayraska Hepatitis B iyo C: Labadan fayras ayaa sababi kara kansarka beerka.
Bakteeriyada iyo Kansarka: Bakteeriyada qaar sida Helicobacter pylori waxay sababi karaan kansarka caloosha. H. pylori waxay keentaa caabuq joogto ah oo sababi kara isbeddellada hiddo-sideyaasha ee keena kansarka.
5. Daraasaadka iyo Cilmi Baarista
Daraasaadka iyo Farsamada Cusub: Cilmi baarayaashu waxay sii wadaan inay daraaseeyaan sababaha kansarka si loo horumariyo daaweynta iyo kahortagga cudurka. Farsamooyinka cusub sida CRISPR iyo genomics-ka ayaa bixinaya aragtiyo cusub oo ku saabsan sida loo fahmo oo loo daweeyo kansarka.
Hormarka Daaweynta: Daaweynta kansarka waxay sii wadaan inay horumariso iyadoo la adeegsanayo habab cusub sida daaweynta unugyada (cell therapy), tallaallada kansarka, iyo daaweynta hiddo-sideyaasha (gene therapy).
Gabagabo
Kansarka waa cudur adag oo leh sababo badan oo kala duwan oo isugu jira hiddo-sideyaal, deegaanka, qaab nololeedka, iyo infekshanno. Fahamka sababaha kansarka waa muhiim si looga hortago cudurka, loo wanaajiyo daaweynta, loona yareeyo halista. Raacista talooyinka caafimaadka, kahortagga caadooyinka halista ah sida cabbida sigaarka, iyo la tashiga dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad leedahay calaamado ama halis sare ayaa kaa caawin kara in aad iska ilaaliso kansarka. Horumarka cilmi baarista iyo daaweynta ayaa sidoo kale bixinaya rajada in mustaqbalka laga heli doono dawooyin iyo tallaabooyin ka hortag ah oo waxtar leh.